China Drying Technology Co., Ltd. The Materials and Structure Laboratory of the Japan Science and Technology Research Institute announced in early December that it has developed a high-performance ammonia synthesis catalyst. Its efficiency is an order of magnitude higher than that of commercial rhodium-based catalysts, which can reduce the energy required for the reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen by half. The researchers believe that the mild reaction conditions of the results will help develop more environmentally friendly synthetic ammonia routes. Researchers have already collaborated with a Japanese company and plan to commercialize the technology in 5 to 10 years.
The catalyst traps germanium atoms in nanometer-sized cages of calcium aluminate electronic compounds, which in turn confine electrons to cages. The electron compound 12CaO·7Al2O3 (abbreviated as C12A7) is a component found in cement. The research team developed the C12A7 electronic compound system and applied electronic compounds as a catalyst for ammonia synthesis. The ruthenium-loaded electron compound C12A7:e-1 is a powerful electron donor and is chemically stable. Through the electronic return of donation, it can increase the degree of dissociation of nitrogen on the crucible and can store hydrogen reversibly, thereby effectively suppressing the hydrogen adsorption on the surface of the crucible. At pressures of 0.1 to 1.0 MPa (nitrogen-to-nitrogen ratio of 3), using this catalyst, ammonia synthesis is 10 times faster than the ruthenium catalyst with ruthenium incorporation on a magnesium oxide support.
Currently, chemists are working hard to improve performance by increasing the surface area of ​​C12A7 electronic compounds, and to accelerate the development of industrial catalysts, while finding out about their detailed reaction mechanisms and finding alternative metals that are cheaper than antimony.
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