With the popularization of CNC machine tools, the application of thread milling technology in the machinery manufacturing industry is increasing. Thread milling is performed by three-axis linkage of a CNC machine tool and spiral thread interpolation using a thread cutter to form a thread. A circular movement of the tool is performed on a horizontal plane for one rotation and a pitch is linearly moved within a vertical plane. Thread milling has many advantages such as high processing efficiency, high thread quality, good tool universality, and good process safety. There are many kinds of thread milling tools currently used. This article will introduce some common thread milling cutters from the aspects of application characteristics, tool structure, and processing technology.
1 Ordinary Cutter Type Thread Milling Cutter
Clamp-type thread milling cutters are the most commonly used and inexpensive tools for thread milling. Their structure is similar to that of a common cutter-type milling cutter, consisting of a reusable cutter bar and an easily replaceable insert. If it is necessary to process the taper thread, it can also be used for special threads and blades for machining taper thread. There are multiple thread cutting teeth on this blade. The tool can process multiple thread teeth at one time along the spiral processing, such as With 5 milling cutters with 2mm thread cutting teeth, 5 thread depths of 10mm thread teeth can be machined in one revolution. In order to further improve the machining efficiency, multi-flute cutter thread milling cutters are available. By increasing the number of cutting edges, the feed rate can be significantly increased, but radial and axial positioning errors between each blade distributed on the circumference can affect the accuracy of thread machining. If you are not satisfied with the accuracy of the thread of the multi-flute cutter thread milling cutter, you can also try to install only one blade for processing. When selecting a thread cutter type thread cutter, the diameter of the thread to be machined, the depth, and the workpiece material should be used to maximize the diameter of the cutter bar (to increase the rigidity of the cutter) and the proper blade material. The depth of threading of a machine-clamp thread mill is determined by the effective depth of cut of the arbor. Because the length of the blade is less than the effective depth of cut of the shank, it is necessary to delaminate when the depth of the machined thread is greater than the length of the insert.
2 Ordinary integral thread milling cutter
Integral thread cutters are mostly made of solid carbide materials, and some have also been coated. The integrated thread milling cutter has a compact structure and is suitable for machining medium and small diameter threads; it also has an integral thread milling cutter for machining tapered threads. This kind of tool has good rigidity, especially an integrated thread milling cutter with a spiral groove, which can effectively reduce the cutting load and improve the machining efficiency when processing high hardness materials. The cutting edge of the integral thread milling cutter is covered with thread processing teeth, and the entire thread processing can be completed one cycle along the spiral line. It does not need to be processed like a clip-type tool, so the machining efficiency is high, but the price is relatively expensive. .
3 integral thread milling cutter with chamfering function
The overall thread milling cutter with chamfering function is similar to the ordinary one-piece thread milling cutter, but there is a special chamfering edge at the root (or end) of the cutting edge, which can process the thread while chamfering the end of the thread. . There are three ways to machine the chamfer. When the tool diameter is large enough, chamfering can be directly used to chamfer the chamfer. This method is limited to machining the internal thread hole chamfer. When the tool diameter is small, chamfering can be performed by circular motion using a chamfering edge. However, when chamfering is performed using the chamfering edge of the cutting edge, attention should be paid to the clearance between the tool thread cutting portion and the thread to avoid interference. If the depth of the machined thread is less than the effective cutting length of the tool, the tool will not be able to perform the chamfer function. Therefore, when selecting the tool, ensure that the effective cutting length matches the thread depth.
4 thread drilling cutter
The thread drilling cutter is made of solid carbide and is a medium and small diameter internal thread high-efficiency machining tool. Thread drilling cutters can drill the bottom holes, chamfering holes and internal threads at one time, reducing the number of tools used. However, the disadvantage of this type of tool is its poor generality and its relatively expensive price. The tool consists of a drilling part of the head, a middle thread milling part and a chamfering edge of the cutting edge root. The diameter of the drilling part is the bottom diameter of the thread that the tool can process. Due to the limitation of the diameter of the drilling part, a thread drilling cutter can only machine one type of internal thread. In the selection of thread drilling cutter, not only must consider the specification of the threaded hole being machined, but also the matching between the effective machining length of the tool and the depth of the hole being machined, otherwise the chamfering function cannot be achieved.
5 thread auger milling cutter
The thread auger cutter is also a solid carbide tool used for high-efficiency machining of internal threads. It can also process bottom holes and threads at one time. The end of the tool has a cutting edge like an end mill. Because the spiral angle of the screw thread is not large, when the tool makes screw thread movement, the end cutting edge cuts the workpiece material to make a bottom hole, and then the thread is machined from the back of the tool. Some thread auger cutters also have chamfered edges that can be used to machine an orifice chamfer. The tool has high machining efficiency and is more versatile than the thread drilling cutter. The range of the internal thread diameter of the tool can be D~2D (D is the diameter of the cutter body).
6 milling deep thread cutter
The deep threading cutter is a single-tooth thread milling cutter. The general thread milling cutter has a plurality of thread machining teeth on the cutting edge, the contact area between the tool and the workpiece is large, the cutting force is also large, and the tool diameter must be smaller than the thread aperture when machining the internal thread. Because the diameter of the cutter body is limited, the rigidity of the cutter is affected, and the cutter is unilaterally stressed when milling the thread. When the deeper thread is milled, the cutter phenomenon may occur, which affects the thread machining accuracy. Therefore, the general thread milling cutter has an effective cutting depth of approximately 2 times the body diameter. The use of single-tooth deep milling tools can better overcome the above shortcomings. As the cutting force is reduced, the depth of thread machining can be greatly increased, and the effective cutting depth of the tool can reach 3 to 4 times the diameter of the cutter body.
7 Thread Milling Tool System
Versatility and efficiency are the prominent contradictions of thread milling cutters. Some tools with complex functions (such as thread-drilling and milling cutters) have high machining efficiency but poor generality, but common-use tools with good efficiency are often not high. To solve this problem, many tool manufacturers have developed a modular thread milling tooling system. The tool system is generally composed of a shank, a counterboring chamfer and a universal thread milling cutter. Different types of boring chamfers and thread milling tools can be selected according to the machining requirements. This kind of tool system has good versatility and high machining efficiency, but the tool cost is high.
The above outlines the functions and features of several commonly used thread milling tools. Cooling is also critical when milling threads. It is recommended to use machine tools and tools with internal cooling. Because the tool rotates at high speed, the external coolant does not easily enter under the centrifugal force. In addition to the internal cooling method, the tool can be cooled well, and more importantly, the high-pressure coolant helps to remove chips when machining the blind hole thread, and the internal cooling pressure is particularly required when the small-diameter internal thread hole is processed. Ensure smooth chip removal. In addition, the selection of thread milling tools should also consider the specific processing requirements, such as production batch, screw hole number, workpiece material, thread accuracy, size and many other factors, the rational choice of tools.
1 Ordinary Cutter Type Thread Milling Cutter
Clamp-type thread milling cutters are the most commonly used and inexpensive tools for thread milling. Their structure is similar to that of a common cutter-type milling cutter, consisting of a reusable cutter bar and an easily replaceable insert. If it is necessary to process the taper thread, it can also be used for special threads and blades for machining taper thread. There are multiple thread cutting teeth on this blade. The tool can process multiple thread teeth at one time along the spiral processing, such as With 5 milling cutters with 2mm thread cutting teeth, 5 thread depths of 10mm thread teeth can be machined in one revolution. In order to further improve the machining efficiency, multi-flute cutter thread milling cutters are available. By increasing the number of cutting edges, the feed rate can be significantly increased, but radial and axial positioning errors between each blade distributed on the circumference can affect the accuracy of thread machining. If you are not satisfied with the accuracy of the thread of the multi-flute cutter thread milling cutter, you can also try to install only one blade for processing. When selecting a thread cutter type thread cutter, the diameter of the thread to be machined, the depth, and the workpiece material should be used to maximize the diameter of the cutter bar (to increase the rigidity of the cutter) and the proper blade material. The depth of threading of a machine-clamp thread mill is determined by the effective depth of cut of the arbor. Because the length of the blade is less than the effective depth of cut of the shank, it is necessary to delaminate when the depth of the machined thread is greater than the length of the insert.
2 Ordinary integral thread milling cutter
Integral thread cutters are mostly made of solid carbide materials, and some have also been coated. The integrated thread milling cutter has a compact structure and is suitable for machining medium and small diameter threads; it also has an integral thread milling cutter for machining tapered threads. This kind of tool has good rigidity, especially an integrated thread milling cutter with a spiral groove, which can effectively reduce the cutting load and improve the machining efficiency when processing high hardness materials. The cutting edge of the integral thread milling cutter is covered with thread processing teeth, and the entire thread processing can be completed one cycle along the spiral line. It does not need to be processed like a clip-type tool, so the machining efficiency is high, but the price is relatively expensive. .
3 integral thread milling cutter with chamfering function
The overall thread milling cutter with chamfering function is similar to the ordinary one-piece thread milling cutter, but there is a special chamfering edge at the root (or end) of the cutting edge, which can process the thread while chamfering the end of the thread. . There are three ways to machine the chamfer. When the tool diameter is large enough, chamfering can be directly used to chamfer the chamfer. This method is limited to machining the internal thread hole chamfer. When the tool diameter is small, chamfering can be performed by circular motion using a chamfering edge. However, when chamfering is performed using the chamfering edge of the cutting edge, attention should be paid to the clearance between the tool thread cutting portion and the thread to avoid interference. If the depth of the machined thread is less than the effective cutting length of the tool, the tool will not be able to perform the chamfer function. Therefore, when selecting the tool, ensure that the effective cutting length matches the thread depth.
4 thread drilling cutter
The thread drilling cutter is made of solid carbide and is a medium and small diameter internal thread high-efficiency machining tool. Thread drilling cutters can drill the bottom holes, chamfering holes and internal threads at one time, reducing the number of tools used. However, the disadvantage of this type of tool is its poor generality and its relatively expensive price. The tool consists of a drilling part of the head, a middle thread milling part and a chamfering edge of the cutting edge root. The diameter of the drilling part is the bottom diameter of the thread that the tool can process. Due to the limitation of the diameter of the drilling part, a thread drilling cutter can only machine one type of internal thread. In the selection of thread drilling cutter, not only must consider the specification of the threaded hole being machined, but also the matching between the effective machining length of the tool and the depth of the hole being machined, otherwise the chamfering function cannot be achieved.
5 thread auger milling cutter
The thread auger cutter is also a solid carbide tool used for high-efficiency machining of internal threads. It can also process bottom holes and threads at one time. The end of the tool has a cutting edge like an end mill. Because the spiral angle of the screw thread is not large, when the tool makes screw thread movement, the end cutting edge cuts the workpiece material to make a bottom hole, and then the thread is machined from the back of the tool. Some thread auger cutters also have chamfered edges that can be used to machine an orifice chamfer. The tool has high machining efficiency and is more versatile than the thread drilling cutter. The range of the internal thread diameter of the tool can be D~2D (D is the diameter of the cutter body).
6 milling deep thread cutter
The deep threading cutter is a single-tooth thread milling cutter. The general thread milling cutter has a plurality of thread machining teeth on the cutting edge, the contact area between the tool and the workpiece is large, the cutting force is also large, and the tool diameter must be smaller than the thread aperture when machining the internal thread. Because the diameter of the cutter body is limited, the rigidity of the cutter is affected, and the cutter is unilaterally stressed when milling the thread. When the deeper thread is milled, the cutter phenomenon may occur, which affects the thread machining accuracy. Therefore, the general thread milling cutter has an effective cutting depth of approximately 2 times the body diameter. The use of single-tooth deep milling tools can better overcome the above shortcomings. As the cutting force is reduced, the depth of thread machining can be greatly increased, and the effective cutting depth of the tool can reach 3 to 4 times the diameter of the cutter body.
7 Thread Milling Tool System
Versatility and efficiency are the prominent contradictions of thread milling cutters. Some tools with complex functions (such as thread-drilling and milling cutters) have high machining efficiency but poor generality, but common-use tools with good efficiency are often not high. To solve this problem, many tool manufacturers have developed a modular thread milling tooling system. The tool system is generally composed of a shank, a counterboring chamfer and a universal thread milling cutter. Different types of boring chamfers and thread milling tools can be selected according to the machining requirements. This kind of tool system has good versatility and high machining efficiency, but the tool cost is high.
The above outlines the functions and features of several commonly used thread milling tools. Cooling is also critical when milling threads. It is recommended to use machine tools and tools with internal cooling. Because the tool rotates at high speed, the external coolant does not easily enter under the centrifugal force. In addition to the internal cooling method, the tool can be cooled well, and more importantly, the high-pressure coolant helps to remove chips when machining the blind hole thread, and the internal cooling pressure is particularly required when the small-diameter internal thread hole is processed. Ensure smooth chip removal. In addition, the selection of thread milling tools should also consider the specific processing requirements, such as production batch, screw hole number, workpiece material, thread accuracy, size and many other factors, the rational choice of tools.
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