The sources of pollution generated during the production of gold are mainly waste water, waste gas and waste slag. Among them, the pollution of cyanide-containing wastewater is the most prominent. A cyanide gold-plating workshop that treats 25t gold concentrate per day should discharge 80-100m 3 of cyanide-containing wastewater every day, and the cyanide concentration generally ranges from 50 to 500mg/L. According to China's comprehensive wastewater discharge standard GB 8979-88, cyanide is a second type of pollutant, and the cyanide discharged at the total external discharge should be less than 0.5mg/L. Therefore, the cyanide-containing wastewater produced by the factory must be treated before it can be discharged. Method for treating wastewater containing cyanide has a chlorination process (further divided into acidic and alkaline chlorination chlorination), operator painting, SO 2 - Air Act, activated carbon adsorption catalytic oxidation, electrochemical, ion exchange method, Liquid membrane method and acidification method - chlorination method combined method. The most commonly used one is the chlorination method. The chlorinating agent used is chlorine gas, liquid chlorine, bleaching powder, calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, etc., and substantially produces hypochlorous acid, which undergoes oxidation to decompose cyanide. In recent years, the closed-loop recycling process of cyanide wastewater has also been developed, which has brought good economic and social benefits. However, it is necessary to further examine the influence of the accumulation of cyanide and toxic heavy metals in the process of smelting and the environmental impact. .
Gold production of harmful exhaust gases into the atmosphere, mainly gas containing SO 2 discharged from the roasting plant, containing arsenic or mercury-containing flue dust containing lead and lead dust and other expensive smelting process, will cause direct harm to the environment and to humans and animals. Therefore, it needs to be treated, including the collection and washing of enhanced gases, and different chemical methods are used to purify, neutralize or absorb harmful components in the exhaust gas for different objects.
The amount of tailings and waste slag discharged from the gold production process is large, accounting for more than 90% of the original ore. The tailings contain a large amount of flotation reagents, and the cyanide leaching slag contains cyanide and heavy metal ions. If stacked, it will cause pollution of nearby waters, soils and groundwater resources. Therefore, it is also necessary to pay attention to governance. On the one hand, it is to construct and manage the strong tailings dam and waste slag yard; on the other hand, it is important to pay attention to the leaching slag after tailings heap leaching, especially the treatment, including leaching and natural Degradation (solar decomposition, air oxidation, microbial action, etc.), chemical decomposition (chlorination, air-sulfite method, etc.). At the same time, we must pay attention to land reclamation, restoration of vegetation and greening in mining areas to reduce environmental pollution and damage to ecological balance due to gold mining development.
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