The General Office of the State Council has recently issued the "Guiding Opinions on Resolving the Contradiction of Serious Overcapacity," and the opinion requires that for industries with serious overcapacity, it is necessary to carry out selective, focused, and targeted resolution in accordance with the characteristics of the industry. What is the extent to which this document can resolve excess production capacity in the steel industry, which has overcapacity industries, and especially the documents mentioned first? What is the actual effect of resolving excess capacity?
The State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Resolving the Contradiction of Serious Overcapacity" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guiding Opinions"), which will set new goals and requirements for resolving severe excess capacity in steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, flat glass, and shipping industries in the next five years. . In order to ensure the implementation and completion of tasks and objectives, the "Guidance Opinions" specifically stipulates nine policy measures including industry management, finance and tax, price, finance, land, environmental protection, employee placement, information disclosure, and supervision and inspection. It is understood that relevant state departments will successively introduce pricing, fiscal and taxation and other related supporting policies.
The trend of excess capacity is intensifying. According to statistics, by the end of 2012, China’s capacity utilization ratios for steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, flat glass, and ships were only 72%, 73.7%, 71.9%, 73.1%, and 75%, respectively, which was significantly lower than the international average. Level. The profits of iron and steel, electrolytic aluminum, and shipbuilding industries have fallen sharply, and companies are generally faced with operating difficulties. It is worth noting that there are still a number of projects under construction and proposed projects in the industries with serious overcapacity. The overcapacity is intensifying.
Experts said in an interview with reporters that the issue of overcapacity in China has a profound international and domestic background. The international financial crisis has caused global demand to slump, domestic demand has not been effectively improved, and related industries have failed to timely achieve structural adjustment and industrial upgrading, and have gradually become backward. Capacity.
In this "Guiding Opinion," the State Council warned: "If you do not take timely measures to resolve, it will inevitably exacerbate the vicious market competition, resulting in the expansion of the industry's loss, unemployment of employees, increased non-performing assets of banks, and intensified energy and resource bottlenecks. Problems such as the deterioration of the ecological environment will directly endanger the healthy development of the industry and even affect the overall improvement of people's livelihood and social stability."
Plan for the next five years The three major objectives of the “Guiding Opinions†put forward the higher requirements and tasks for resolving the problem of overcapacity: To complete the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†iron and steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement, flat glass and other key industries to eliminate backward production targets one year ahead of schedule. On the basis of tasks, through measures such as raising financial incentives and implementing equal or reduced replacement programs, encourage local governments to increase the elimination of backward production capacity, and eliminate 15 million tons of iron, 15 million tons of steel and cement (clinker) before 2015 And grinding capacity) 100 million tons, flat glass 20 million weight boxes.
In the "Guiding Opinions", the State Council clarified that it is necessary to achieve three major goals in resolving the contradiction of serious overcapacity through five years of hard work, that is, the scale of production of iron and steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, flat glass, and ships is basically reasonable, and the environment bears Power, market demand, and resource security are in line with each other; the quality of development has been significantly improved, the production capacity structure has been optimized, long-term mechanisms have been initially established, and the market environment for fair competition has been improved.
According to the characteristics of the industry, the "Guiding Opinions" identified eight major tasks that currently resolve the contradiction of serious overcapacity: First, it is forbidden to build new capacity projects, and to classify and properly handle violations under construction. The second is to comprehensively clean up and rectify the illegal production capacity that has been built, and strengthen standardization and access management. The third is to resolutely eliminate backward production capacity and guide the orderly withdrawal of production capacity. The fourth is to promote the merger and reorganization of enterprises and optimize the spatial layout of the industry. The fifth is to strive to open up domestic effective demand and strive to improve the demand structure. Sixth, we must consolidate and expand the international market and expand overseas investment cooperation. Seventh, it is to break through key core technologies, strengthen corporate management innovation, and enhance corporate innovation to drive development. Eighth, innovation government management, improve market mechanisms, and establish long-term mechanisms.
Comments: Resolving excess capacity needs to rely on the market in the normal market environment. Once an industry has excess capacity, products are unmarketable, the labor productivity of enterprises is not high, and capital, technology, and labor are used to maximize profits, these things will automatically transfer. Overcapacity will be rebalanced after a series of eliminations and mergers. Social resources will be properly allocated and the average profit rate will be realized. The government only needs to publish some industry information to provide reference for capital and enterprises, so that they can increase or reduce their production according to their own conditions.
Over the past few years, government documents on resolving the contradictions of overcapacity in steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, flat glass, and shipping industries have been issued almost every year. This year, including this time, the General Office of the State Council has issued three articles: The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance and other 12 ministries issued the "Guidance Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion of Mergers and Acquisitions in Key Industries" at the beginning of the year. In May, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other ministries Issued opinions to resolve the problem of excess production capacity.
However, the iron and steel industry with overcapacity that has become a “difficulty†is taken as an example. From 2006 to 2012, the cumulative reduction in crude steel production capacity was 76 million tons. However, during the same period, the accumulated cumulative production capacity of crude steel in the country reached 440 million tons. The reason for this is actually very simple. It is power that has entered the market and distorted the market.
At present, the document of the General Office of the State Council not only puts forward the general principles, but also requires the use of market mechanisms, perfecting supporting policies, proposing opinions on the various sectors' policies for division of labor, and identifying eight major tasks that currently resolve the contradiction of severe overcapacity. Such systematic and detailed forms of executive orders are believed to have a greater impact on the work of resolving these overcapacity industries.
However, we must fundamentally resolve the overcapacity at any time and truly defuse excess production capacity into an effective social stock. Governments at all levels must exit the market and devote all their energy to building and maintaining the entire market environment, so that the market forces will be able to resolve Overcapacity plays a bigger role in the process.
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