The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that building an ecological civilization is a millennium plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. It is necessary to implement the most stringent ecological environmental protection system and form a green development mode and lifestyle. It is necessary to "first protect the ecological environment and respect the will of the people." From a deeper level of understanding, this has become the political discipline and work discipline that must be observed in future work.
Green exploration
If the "Two Mountains theory" to dismantle point of view, "Guanghui" beautiful China is an essential element of the basic demands of the people; "Jinshan Silver Mountain" is to ensure that national energy and resources security, the protection of national economic and social can The material basis for sustainable development.
Then, as a geological department supporting the security of national energy resources, how to “not only find Jinshan Yinshan but also to retain green mountains and green mountains� How to adhere to the ecological civilization strategy and prospecting breakthrough strategy, how to coordinate mineral exploration Relationship with environmental protection? At the inaugural meeting of China Mineral Resources and Materials Application Innovation Alliance and the 2017 China Mining Industry Chain Conference (the second session), the reporter interviewed Zhang Fuliang, a researcher at the Mineral Exploration Technical Guidance Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources. .
China Mining News: At the moment, in a sense, ecological protection is a politically significant red line that all industries must pay attention to and strictly abide by. Then, from the perspective of mineral resources exploration, what do you think is the relationship between “green†and “exploration�
Zhang Fuliang: To clarify the relationship between "green" and "exploration", it must be placed under a certain era and social background. At present, “green†is the external limitation of exploration, and the exploration cannot pay excessive environmental costs. Implementing “green exploration†is the only choice for coordinating and coordinating the relationship between the two. Green exploration is an economic activity related to environmental protection. Its ultimate goal is to produce both environmental and economic benefits. It is necessary to "explorate" from "environmental protection". It is necessary to obtain the competitive advantage of exploration through strategic management of the environment, so that the exploration project can enter the market, thereby obtaining economic benefits and ultimately achieving a win-win situation.
China Mining News: According to the standard definition, what is the concept of green exploration?
Zhang Fuliang: We provide it to the Encyclopedia of China. Green exploration refers to the specific practice of the green development concept in the field of geological exploration. It is a new exploration or new method based on meeting the environmental requirements to achieve the prospecting effect. Specifically, in the implementation of geological prospecting, guided by the concept of green development, through the use of advanced prospecting methods, methods, equipment and processes, the negative impact on the ecological environment is minimized, and the environmental impact of the entire geological exploration process is minimal. Control, to achieve a new exploration mode of prospecting and environmental protection win-win.
As a scientific development concept and advanced development mode, green exploration is an important measure to implement the central ecological civilization strategy in the field of mineral exploration, and is an urgent need to maintain the sustainable and healthy development of China's geological exploration industry. The practice of finding a mine breakthrough strategic action fully shows that green exploration is the only way to achieve a breakthrough in prospecting in the new era, and is the only way for the sustainable development of China's geological exploration work in the future.
China Mining News: At present, from the policy level, what are the norms and guidance for green exploration?
Zhang Fuliang: At present, the geological prospecting industry has jointly issued a green exploration declaration, striving to be the leader of advanced concepts, striving to be a practitioner of establishing beautiful China, striving to be a win-winner in protecting the ecology and safeguarding resources, and striving to be nature. Caregiver. At the same time, the “Green Exploration Expert Seminar†and the “National Green Exploration Experience Exchange Meeting†were held to organize seminars and exchanges. Strengthen the propaganda and guidance by making missionary films and opening the WeChat public account. In the "Specifications for Solid Mineral Exploration Work", the contents of the requirements for green exploration principles have been added, and national standards have been improved. The six departments jointly issued documents to strengthen the pilot demonstration of green exploration. The four ministries and commissions revised the "Overall Plan for National Mine Exploration Breakthrough Strategic Actions", and completely removed and exited the nature reserve in the comprehensive exploration area; strengthened mineral exploration beyond the ecological red line, promoted deep resource exploration and evaluation, and comprehensively adjusted the exploration layout from the top level. . The Ministry of Land and Resources issued the "Working Plan for the Cleanup of Mining Rights in Nature Reserves" and actively promoted the clean-up of mining rights in various protected areas.
China Mining News: Is there any internationally accepted practice in mineral exploration and environmental protection?
Zhang Fuliang: EES (Excelence in Enviralment Stewardship) is a survey environment management tool book that compiles the recognized environmental protection experience of the global exploration industry and is an internationally recognized management practice. The EES issued by the Canadian Association of Exploration and Developers includes exploration environmental practice guidelines, exploration of land disturbances, exploration site management, exploration waste management, and radioactive mineral exploration protection. Briefly speaking, the general practice in foreign countries for mineral exploration and environmental protection is to focus on controlling ecological environment disturbances from the source of mining; minimizing the adverse impacts of exploration work on the environment and local communities; strictly protecting the ecology and implementing strict environmental requirements for exploration applications. For impact assessment, mineral exploration activities can only be carried out if environmental standards and access conditions are met. The Canadian government website also provides risk warnings and solutions or recommendations for potential environmental issues during the exploration and feasibility study phases.
China Mining News: What are the good experiences of foreign exploration in the specific aspects of exploration?
Zhang Fuliang: In the three different stages of project design, project implementation and project completion, there are different aspects to be noted. In the project design stage, it is necessary to pay attention to the exploration behavior. Rules and regulations must not only damage the interests of the exploration company, but also adversely affect the entire industry. Environmental costs must be considered to ensure that environmental experts participate in the early design of the project. Environmental requirements take precedence over Exploration needs; focus on community relations, reduce the risk of conflicts related to communities through mineral exploration projects through effective interaction with the community; attach importance to ancient cultural sites, and there are archaeological or cultural sites in the exploration area, which must be planned in exploration projects or Consider it during implementation. In the project implementation phase, it is first necessary to determine whether it is necessary to build roads. If it is necessary to build, it is preferred to have existing roads or trails. It is necessary to select the season with the least disturbance to carry out the construction, plan the best driving route, minimize the disturbance, use the lightest equipment and vehicles as much as possible, and minimize the impact of the rutting and compacting soil. The topsoil should be stored separately from the subsoil, and the optimum storage height of the topsoil should not exceed 2 meters to ensure that the microbial living environment in the soil is not destroyed. When reclaiming, the subsoil should be laid before the topsoil is laid. The small trench for excavation is backfilled on the day of excavation. At the end of the project, the project must pay the deposit to the government beforehand, and the explorer and the guarantor jointly guarantee the resumption work. After all reclamation work is completed and the regulations are met, the deposit will be refunded in time. The principle of reclamation is “safe and stableâ€, and it is restored to the state before the disturbance as much as possible. It has its environmental value guarantee measures and the sustainable ecosystem cannot be destroyed. Regreening should achieve the control of surface erosion, improve the stability of slope by restoration, establish, restore or improve soil structure, maintain or achieve the beauty of the site, cultivate economic forests or agricultural production sites, and restore and provide wildlife habitat or feed.
China Mining News: In terms of green exploration, what are the typical practices of domestic land and resources management departments at all levels that can be further promoted?
Zhang Fuliang: The Ministry of Land and Resources of Qinghai Province and its affiliated geological exploration units actively promoted green exploration by administrative means, and identified 2016 as the green exploration and development year of Qinghai Province, and comprehensively launched the province's green exploration demonstration research work; 10 green exploration demonstration projects, and simultaneously carry out green exploration special research in 6 demonstration projects, explore green exploration management system, work mode and technical standards, promote the application to the whole province; optimize and adjust the deployment of geological exploration work, the province will be The focus of geological exploration work has shifted from “Sanjiangyuan†and Qilian Mountain to the Qaidam Basin and its surrounding areas of the North Qaidam, East Kunlun and Altun; the classification and disposal of the geological exploration projects and mining rights of the nature reserves, all financial projects Withdrawal, commercial projects are all stopped, and new mining rights are prohibited. The 74 mining rights exploration and development work of Sanjiangyuan and Qilianshan Nature Reserves was completely stopped and steadily and orderly withdrew. The 22 prospecting rights of the financial investment were cancelled and registered, and the natural reserve was withdrawn. 52 commercial mining projects were funded by the society. Quanzheng has withdrawn in an orderly manner in accordance with the “Work Plan for the Withdrawal of Mining Rights of Sanjiangyuan Qilianshan Nature Reserveâ€; created a “colorful model†for green exploration, and embarked on a new path for ecological exploration in ecologically fragile and Tibetan areas; 1+5 The green exploration system and a set of green exploration methods minimize the disturbance to the ecological environment.
China Mining News: For green exploration, what is the response of enterprises from the development strategy?
Zhang Fuliang: A typical example is the Southwest Energy Mine, a large energy enterprise in Guizhou Province. Southwest Energy Mine took the lead in formulating green exploration enterprise standards, and regarded green exploration as the lifeline of enterprise survival and development, and integrated into corporate culture. In terms of management, in 2016, Southwest Energy Mine selected 7 of the 50 exploration projects being implemented as green exploration demonstration projects, and established standards through demonstration and application. In addition, Southwest Energy Mine established a sound management system with green exploration concept, and formulated the Interim Measures for the Management of Green Exploration Projects, the Airport Management Measures for Green Exploration and Drilling Construction, the Operation Management System for Green Exploration and Drilling Construction Sites, and the Green Exploration and Drilling Construction Site. Quality Management System, "Green Exploration Field Operation Quality Management System". Southwestern Energy and Mines in the country lead in developing the implementation of corporate standards, "green solid mineral exploration technology standards" and "green coal bed methane exploration technology standards" were provided for developing green General exploration in solid mineral exploration and coal-bed methane exploration work, the basic Regulations, programming, environmental protection and control methods, technical requirements, image construction, environmental restoration and management, inspection and acceptance, harmonious exploration, data and report preparation, etc.; "Solid Minerals Green Exploration Project Budget Standards" in the original "Geological Survey Project Budget Standards ( Based on the 2010 trial, the budgetary cost standards for rig airport construction, road restoration and treatment, drilling and mountain engineering construction environmental protection and restoration management, green exploration implementation plan and summary report preparation are added. In terms of equipment, Southwest Energy Mine promotes the use of new exploration equipment with the concept of green exploration. In the deep drilling construction, the new portable and modular full hydraulic core drilling machine was innovated. A spacer layer is laid overhead at the bottom of the rig, an anti-slip steel mesh and oil-soil impervious cloth are laid in the airport operation area, and a mud storage pool is set at the airport to solidify and cure the waste slurry waste, thereby minimizing the airport land. And pollution of vegetation. Splitting and transporting the rig reduces the impact of the platform on the environment and reduces the cost of road construction. In terms of project management, in the bidding stage of the project, Southwest Energy Mine will list the relevant requirements for green exploration as the bidding conditions, and require the bidding unit to make commitments for ecological environmental protection. In the project design stage, the surveying unit is required to drill through the design. The pre-evaluation of the pre-environment in the hole and construction project aims to protect the ecological environment and achieve the geological purpose, optimize the implementation of the exploration design and green exploration implementation plan, and use shallow drilling instead of trenching to reduce the disturbance to the surface environment; During the construction phase of the project, it is required to peel off and maintain the vegetation in the construction site, protect the drilling site from the barriers, and carry out anti-pollution treatment on the oil and mud. After the experience is passed, the construction shall be carried out.
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