First, the requirements of corn on the soil
1. The soil should be deep and well-structured. Corn has a strong and extensive root system that develops within the top 1 meter of the soil. A deep, loose, and fertile soil layer is essential for the roots to grow properly and absorb nutrients efficiently.
2. The soil needs to be loose and well-aerated. Good aeration helps the roots breathe and improves the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. It also ensures that the roots receive enough oxygen, which is crucial for their healthy development.
3. The plough layer should have high organic matter and available nutrients. The soil’s pH and salt content also play a significant role in corn growth. The ideal pH range is between 6.5 and 7.0, which supports optimal nutrient uptake and microbial activity.
4. The soil must have good permeability and water-holding capacity. This ensures proper drainage while retaining enough moisture for the plant’s needs throughout its growth cycle.
Second, corn fertilization technology
1. Base fertilizer application. It is common practice to apply 1,000 to 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu before planting. However, due to time constraints or poor planning, farmers often neglect this step, which can negatively affect early growth.
2. Seed fertilizer application. Using a balanced compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is recommended. For example, the "Zhuangmian" special corn fertilizer from Shandong Agricultural Special Fertilizer Plant is widely used. Applying about 30 kg per acre as seed fertilizer can increase yield by up to 10%. This early nutrient supply supports root development and strengthens young plants.
3. Top-dressing application. Proper top-dressing is key to achieving high yields. Based on field experiments, it is most effective to apply fertilizer three times: during the seedling stage, the panicle stage, and the grain-filling stage.
1. First top-dressing (Miao Fei): Apply after the seedlings have emerged and before the jointing stage. This helps support early growth and strengthen the plant structure.
2. Second top-dressing (Panicle fertilizer): This is applied when the tassel begins to develop, known as the “big bell-mouth†period. It provides essential nutrients for ear formation and pollination.
3. Third top-dressing (Grain stage): Apply during the flowering stage to ensure adequate nutrition for grain development. Nitrogen and potassium are commonly used, but using a complete NPK fertilizer is more sustainable for long-term soil health. For instance, using 75 kg of the specialized maize fertilizer from Shandong Agricultural Special Fertilizer Plant can meet the plant's nutritional needs in later stages, ensuring better yield and quality.
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