In May 2008, there were rotten seed problems in some of the peanut growing areas in Liaoning and Hebei: Seedlings were not seen until late May. A look at the surface soil showed that peanut seeds had been rotted in the ground. At that time, some rural households consulted experts through a hotline. Why couldn't peanuts produce seedlings? At present, we have reached the season of peanut planting. In order to prevent the recurrence of peanuts, Prof. Cao Yiping from the China Agricultural University explained the reasons for peanut rotting and the current notes on peanuts.
Expert: Last year, peanuts were rotten in spring, both external and internal. The external cause is the cold and humid weather in the spring that caused a few cold spells in late April and early May last year. This is unfavorable for the emergence of thermophilic peanuts; the internal cause is the characteristics of peanut seeds. Peanuts have high requirements for seedling emergence. All types of badly-cultivated plots are sown early in the sowing period and pre-soaked to germinate. In cold and wet conditions, it will inevitably lead to more widespread rotten species. Therefore, here we must first introduce the characteristics of peanut seeds and the specific requirements for the emergence of the seedlings, master these before they can be prepared before sowing, to ensure the smooth emergence.
Peanut seeds from the germination to emergence of soil water, gas, heat conditions are more stringent:
1. Temperature: Mickey subspecies long dormancy period, the minimum temperature of germination is 15°C; the dormant subspecies dormancy period is short, the lowest germination temperature is 12°C. Seeds from seeding to emergence need more than 12 °C effective accumulated temperature is higher than 115 °C, spring peanuts from sowing to emergence usually takes 10-20 days. Peanut species in the process of germination, top soil, and emergence, the minimum temperature required to enter the seedling stage is 14-16 °C.
2. Water Absorption: Peanuts are large-grained, with an average weight of 100 grams or more, and some varieties can reach 80 grams or more. From germination to emergence, it takes 4 times the weight of the seed to absorb the water.
3. Oxygen consumption: Oxygen is consumed during the germination process of peanuts, and if the oxygen content in the soil air is insufficient, the emergence will be affected.
The factors affecting the emergence of peanuts also include seed quality, climatic conditions, sowing quality, pests and soil conditions. Peanuts like sandy loam with deep soil, loose ventilation, good water seepage, and rich organic matter. The preparation of seed before sowing is also very important. Sun seed: can increase seed vigor; timely shelling: not too early to avoid loss of protection, generally after sowing on the day or day after sowing; soaking germination: soak the seeds in warm water, do not flip, so as not to peel, so that the seeds suck enough water . The young shoots can not be promoted too long. When the white tips are exposed, they are best sown. It should be noted that the measures for impregnating germination are conditional and do not require soaking when germinating in soil, in low temperature, in suitable period, or in early sowing. It is necessary to soak seed germination at the right time.
In order to prevent peanut rotten seedlings, the following points should be noted in the current field management:
1. Timely sowing: The depth of sowing should be moderate, good sensation, proper germination when the temperature is stable.
2. Peanut seedlings are generally selected from the group consisting of calcium sulphate, diammonium diammonium, and low-nitrogen-high-phosphorus potassium fertilizers. Uniform urea or high nitrogen urea-based compound fertilizers should not be used.
3. When encountering cold weather, the sowing date can be properly pushed back. When necessary to reseeding, appropriate germination and seed dressing, bacteria inoculation, etc.
In short, according to the local soil temperature and flood conditions, the sowing date is appropriate and proper soaking and germination can prevent peanuts from sowing.
Expert: Last year, peanuts were rotten in spring, both external and internal. The external cause is the cold and humid weather in the spring that caused a few cold spells in late April and early May last year. This is unfavorable for the emergence of thermophilic peanuts; the internal cause is the characteristics of peanut seeds. Peanuts have high requirements for seedling emergence. All types of badly-cultivated plots are sown early in the sowing period and pre-soaked to germinate. In cold and wet conditions, it will inevitably lead to more widespread rotten species. Therefore, here we must first introduce the characteristics of peanut seeds and the specific requirements for the emergence of the seedlings, master these before they can be prepared before sowing, to ensure the smooth emergence.
Peanut seeds from the germination to emergence of soil water, gas, heat conditions are more stringent:
1. Temperature: Mickey subspecies long dormancy period, the minimum temperature of germination is 15°C; the dormant subspecies dormancy period is short, the lowest germination temperature is 12°C. Seeds from seeding to emergence need more than 12 °C effective accumulated temperature is higher than 115 °C, spring peanuts from sowing to emergence usually takes 10-20 days. Peanut species in the process of germination, top soil, and emergence, the minimum temperature required to enter the seedling stage is 14-16 °C.
2. Water Absorption: Peanuts are large-grained, with an average weight of 100 grams or more, and some varieties can reach 80 grams or more. From germination to emergence, it takes 4 times the weight of the seed to absorb the water.
3. Oxygen consumption: Oxygen is consumed during the germination process of peanuts, and if the oxygen content in the soil air is insufficient, the emergence will be affected.
The factors affecting the emergence of peanuts also include seed quality, climatic conditions, sowing quality, pests and soil conditions. Peanuts like sandy loam with deep soil, loose ventilation, good water seepage, and rich organic matter. The preparation of seed before sowing is also very important. Sun seed: can increase seed vigor; timely shelling: not too early to avoid loss of protection, generally after sowing on the day or day after sowing; soaking germination: soak the seeds in warm water, do not flip, so as not to peel, so that the seeds suck enough water . The young shoots can not be promoted too long. When the white tips are exposed, they are best sown. It should be noted that the measures for impregnating germination are conditional and do not require soaking when germinating in soil, in low temperature, in suitable period, or in early sowing. It is necessary to soak seed germination at the right time.
In order to prevent peanut rotten seedlings, the following points should be noted in the current field management:
1. Timely sowing: The depth of sowing should be moderate, good sensation, proper germination when the temperature is stable.
2. Peanut seedlings are generally selected from the group consisting of calcium sulphate, diammonium diammonium, and low-nitrogen-high-phosphorus potassium fertilizers. Uniform urea or high nitrogen urea-based compound fertilizers should not be used.
3. When encountering cold weather, the sowing date can be properly pushed back. When necessary to reseeding, appropriate germination and seed dressing, bacteria inoculation, etc.
In short, according to the local soil temperature and flood conditions, the sowing date is appropriate and proper soaking and germination can prevent peanuts from sowing.
WEIHAI SUNSHINE YACHTS CO.,LTD , https://www.ssboats.cn