Pumps are versatile and widely used mechanical equipment, playing a crucial role in various industries such as petroleum, chemical, power, metallurgy, mining, shipbuilding, light industry, agriculture, civil engineering, and defense. They hold significant importance in the national economy. According to statistics from 2023, China produced over 1.256 million pump units. Notably, pumps consume more than 21% of the country's total electricity, making energy efficiency a critical concern. In recent years, the pump industry has introduced numerous energy-saving products, such as IHF, CQB, FSB, and UHB models, which have contributed positively to reducing energy consumption.
However, despite these efforts, many pumps still operate inefficiently due to improper selection, leading to wasted energy and increased maintenance costs. Some pumps are even rendered unusable or fail to deliver optimal economic returns. Therefore, rational pump selection is essential for achieving energy conservation and cost-effectiveness. Rational selection involves evaluating technical and economic factors, ensuring that the pump meets performance, safety, and applicability standards.
Key considerations include: 1) Ensuring the pump operates within its high-efficiency range by matching the system curve with the pump curve. 2) Selecting a compact, lightweight, and efficient pump with good anti-cavitation properties. 3) Minimizing installation and operational costs while maximizing performance.
When selecting a pump, it's important to gather essential data, including media characteristics (such as specific gravity, viscosity, and corrosivity), particle size, temperature, required flow rate, pressure, and piping system details. The pipeline design should also be optimized—choosing an appropriate diameter to balance resistance and cost, minimizing bends, and installing necessary valves like ball or globe valves and check valves to prevent backflow and water hammer damage.
Determining the flow and head requires careful analysis. If the process provides minimum, normal, and maximum flow rates, the maximum should be considered. For cases where only the normal flow is given, a margin should be added. Typically, for high-flow pumps (ns > 100), a 5% margin is sufficient, while low-flow pumps (ns < 50) may require a 10% margin. Proper flow calculation ensures reliable and efficient operation.
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